The Shakespeare Code

 Brothers and Sisters of The Shakespeare Code……

Before you read Your Cat’s interview with Stewart Trotter…….

……it’s best to look at ‘The Original Ending to King Lear’ Parts One,  Two  and Three.

•

The Agents of The Shakespeare Code have been examining William Shakespeare’s ORIGINAL ending to King Lear..

 As part of this research, the Code’s Chief Agent actually PLAYED the part of the King….

…..at the HIGHLY PRESTIGIOUS Titchfield Shakespeare Festival…..

….to find out how this ending works in performance.

Stewart is now back……

…..recovering…..

….. in The Code’s Headquarters in West London…..

…..where he finally consented to give…..

…..AN INTERVIEW TO YOUR CAT!!!

AND HERE IT IS…….

(Stewart is the Chief Agent, so this Interview is rather more verbatim than is Trixie’s wont…..)

•

TRIXIE

So, Boss….

…..you don’t mind me calling you that, do you?

STEWART

Not at all, Trixie…..

TRIXIE

Tom ‘X’ and I LOVED your new ending to King Lear…..

…or should we say your OLD ending as it hasn’t been performed since 1608…..

Can you please explain to people who weren’t there what happens?

And how it differs from the ending that is normally played….

STEWART

Well, the BEGINNING of Lear’s last scene is exactly the same..

..It’s only at the end that it’s radically, gloriously different.

TRIXIE

Talk us through the whole scene….

STEWART

Offstage, Lear discovers a soldier is hanging his daughter, Cordelia, in her cell….

He kills him and cuts down Cordelia…. 

But it’s too late…..

In one of the most shocking moments in the whole of drama…….

…..Lear enters with Cordelia dead in his arms…..

TRIXIE

Not bad for an eighty year old!

What’s he on? Celtic spinach?

STEWART

Remember, Trixie, the King is ill…..

….with a disease called ‘The Mother’.

It’s his illness gives him supernatural strength….

TRIXIE

Of course! You mentioned that in your programme note!

(To read the note, Brothers and Sisters, please click: HERE!

To read more fully about Lear’s illness, please click: HERE!)

STEWART

Another symptom is suffocation in the chest…….

……. and choking in the  throat…..

That’s why, when Lear enters……

……..he commands the men on stage to…..

Howl, howl, howl, howl…..

This is because…..

……HE IS TOO ILL TO HOWL HIMSELF!!!

When  this command is met with shocked silence…….

…….he attacks the soldiers for being…....

…..men of stones…..

…..and adds….

Had I your tongues and eyes I’d use them so that

Heaven’s vault should crack…..

TRIXIE

So all those hammy old actors…….

….. who come on bawling their heads off…..

…… have got it wrong!

STEWART

You might say that, Trixie the Cat….

…..but I couldn’t possibly comment…..

TRIXIE

What happens next……

STEWART

Lear, trying to accept that his daughter is dead, says…..

I know when one is dead and when one lives…..

She’s dead as earth……

But as T.S. Eliot says in The Four Quartets…….

TRIXIE (showing off)

Humankind cannot bear very much reality…..

STEWART

Brava, Trixie the Cat!!!

Lear’s sick, old mind instantly rejects the truth…..

……and he asks the soldiers for a looking glass…….

TRIXIE

…..about the last thing a soldier would ever take into battle…..

STEWART

……to see if Cordelia’s breath will…..

……mist or stain the stone….

Instead he finds a feather…….

……in our production, part of Cordelia’s dress….

TRIXIE

Looks a bit like Ginger Rogers’ dress in Top Hat…..

STEWART

Trixie!

TRIXIE

Sorry, boss…

STEWART

Lear holds the feather to Cordelia’s mouth and cries…..

This feather stirs…..

But the feather only stirs because Lear’s own hands are shaking so much……

The loyal Earl of Kent…….

……..who has followed the King in disguise as his servant Caius….

…….tries to introduce himself…..

But Lear thinks he is one of the ‘murderers’ and ‘traitors’ who have plotted to kill Cordelia…

He then begs Cordelia to…..

…….stay a little….

…..and imagines she is talking to him…

But when no-one else can hear her, he explains….

Her voice was ever soft, gentle and low….

An excellent thing in woman…..

TRIXIE

Bet the feminists love that!

STEWART (ignoring Your Cat)

Lear then boasts to Cordelia that he has……

……killed the slave that was a hanging thee…..

……and immediately becomes a proud, young warrior king again….

I have seen the day with my good biting falchion [short sword]

I would have made them skip……

But then……

……in a moment of heart-breaking pathos…..

…….confesses……

I am old now, and these same crosses spoil me….

For a moment he recognises Kent……..

…..but cannot understand that Kent is the same man as his servant Caius…..

……a good fellow….

……who will…

……strike and quickly too….

Then he confuses Caius with Cordelia….

……and says….

He’s dead and rotten…

Lear then goes on to confuse the Fool with Cordelia as well…..

And my poor fool is hanged……

In his bewildered state, all the people he has loved……..

……..and who have loved him…….

……..are present in the dead body of his daughter.

Lear finally accepts that Cordelia has…..

…..no, no, no life….

……..then asks the great, unanswered……

……..and unanswerable……

……..question of the play…..

Why should a dog, a horse, a rat have life

And thou no breath at all?

In an act of SUPREME MORAL HONESTY…..

……Lear admits to himself that he will never see his daughter again….

Thou’llt come no more,

Never, never, never, never, never…..

He then asks Kent to undo a button on his tunic……

And it’s at this crucial point that our version of Lear…..

…… and the one that’s usually played……

……. part company…..

TRIXIE

What happens in the usual version?

STEWART

The King suddenly reverts to his old delusion that Cordelia is alive……

……and believes he can see her lips moving….

Do you see this? Look on her! Look her lips,

Look there! look there.

He then dies……

Like the Earl of Gloucester, earlier in the play, Lear’s heart has….

…burst smilingly…..

TRIXIE

Now tell our Brothers and Sisters what happened at Titchfield!

STEWART

As Lear utters those hammer-blow words to his soul…..

 Never, never, never….

…..it provokes a final attack of The Mother…..

….which Shakespeare’s contemporaries believed was a fatal disease.

The King, suffocating and choking……

…..asks Kent to undo the button at his neck…..

He then gives a great cry of agony as he collapses on the body of Cordelia….

….indicated in the text by an extraordinary…..

O,o,o,o,o….

 

Edgar cries: 

He faints! My lord! My Lord’….

Then the King raises himself up and says….

Break heart, I prithee break…..

He has spent the whole of the play trying to CONQUER his illness….

When he sees his servant has been put in the stocks by his daughter and son-in-law…..

….. he cries out….

O how this Mother swells up towards my heart….

Historica passio, down thou climbing sorrow,

Thy element’s below….

Now, in the full, dreadful, knowledge that his daughter is dead……

HE LETS HIS ILLNESS CONQUER HIM!!!

He CONTROLS his destiny by SUBMITTING to it……

As he COURTEOUSLY ……

……but HEROICALLY……

…..IMPLORES HIS HEART TO BREAK…

It is a suicide which is NOT a suicide……

It follows the flow of the universe itself……

 At this point there was a knock at the door…

..It was Tom ‘X’….

 …..brandishing a print out….

TOM ‘X’

Thought you might like to read this, Chief….

It’s Ian Burleigh writing in The Portsmouth News….

STEWART

Tom! You know it’s very unprofessional to read reviews…..

….you might start to believe them!

As dashing Theatre Colossus, Sir Peter Hall……

…….once remarked to me….

…….when I was working as his ‘Assistant’ on productions at the National Theatre and Glyndebourne…..

Today’s review is tomorrow’s fish and chip paper….

…….except, of course, no-one wraps up fisn’n’chips in newspapers any more…

TOM ‘X’

But this is NOT like a review, Chief.

It’s more an appreciation…..

TRIXIE

Let Tom read it to you…

…..pleeeeeeeease Boss!!!

STEWART (reluctantly)

If it makes you happy, Trixie…

TRIXIE

Hooray!!!

TOM ‘X’ (reading)

Where has Mr Trotter been hiding all these years?

He is obviously made to be on stage! His anguish came from the heart and I have NEVER been reduced to tears by Shakespeare before.

I expect to see much more of him on the London stage.

This Fool played by Kevin Fraser is not to be missed either……

…he really understands what he is saying and knows how to interpret it for us.

The fight scene between Josh Coates and Sam Goodall as brothers Edmund and Edgar is truly spectacular – I have not seen better in a live performance.

[To see a video of the fight filmed from the audience, click:

https://www.facebook.com/video.php?v=926678037351929&set=o.812371435457710&type=2&theatre ]

 

The production is staged in a barn that Shakespeare almost certainly knew.

Were he in the audience today, he would be amazed and alarmed by the lighting and the sound effects…..

……but he would certainly have recognised the honesty of the set……

….. and the passion of the company of players.

There is so much that is good and not to be missed about this production.

TRIXIE

Well, Boss, it seems to me that Ian Burleigh  ‘got it’…..

STEWART (brushing away a tear)

I’ll drink to that Trixie….and to him. He’s a real professional.

TOM ‘X’

Thought you might say that Chief!

 That’s why I’ve got a bottle of Dom Perignon outside…..

TRIXIE

Time for a little break, Boss?

Stewart nodded.

So it was….

‘Bye, now…

(To read the second part of Trixie’s interview with Stewart, click: HERE! )

 

As Brothers and Sisters of The Shakespeare Code well know…..

……The Code will always put its money where its mouth is!!!

We have all been examining Shakespeare’s original, 1608 ending of King Lear……

[See: Shakespeare’s Original Ending to King Lear Parts: One and Two]

……and many of us began to speculate about how this ending might work in performance.

There was only one way to find out…..

……TO PERFORM THE PLAY ITSELF…..

……..WITH THE ORIGINAL ENDING INTACT!!!

To that end, our Chief Agent, Stewart Trotter…..

………in an act which Shakespeare Code Fellow,  Charles Sharman-Cox……

…..branded as…….

….. fearless…

……undertook the role of King Lear…..

……for the Titchfield  Shakespeare Festival…..

…in the Great Agincourt Barn….

As Brothers and Sisters of the Code well know……

…….Titchfield in Hampshire is where Shakespeare really fell in love…..

…..both with the Dark Lady,  Aemelia Lanyer….

(See: How Shakespeare’s Dark Lady Found God)

…and with the wayward, gay, teenaged, cross-dressing Third Earl of Southampton…..

Henry Wriothesley…..

(See: Just how Gay was the Third Earl of Southampton.)

The Titchfield Shakespeare Festival is run by the dynamic Kevin Fraser……

….who also played the Fool in the production.

Stewart first played King Lear in a school production…..

……SOME TIME AGO!!!

Here he is on the right – with John Lyall, F.S.C., playing Gloucester on the left.

Agent Tom ‘X’ and Your Cat biked it down to Titchfield…..

……..MOTORBIKED it down….

…….to catch Stewart’s Lear…..

…and stayed in the village’s beautiful South Street…..

As we waited, expectantly, for the performance in the Great Barn, we read Stewart’s Programme Note…..

•

‘Historica Passio’ – the King’s Disease.

There are two different versions of King Lear: one is a ‘pirated’ Quarto-sized version printed in 1608…….

…….and the other is from the ‘authorised’ Folio-sized collection, published in 1623, seven years after William Shakespeare’s death……..

For this production we have drawn on both versions. The Folio version cuts the ‘trial’ of Goneril in the storm scene when the King is going mad and we’ve done the same.

We have, though, restored the original ending to the play – which probably hasn’t been seen since 1608! We don’t want to spoil your experience, but warn you that this ending is even MORE uncompromising than the Folio ending.

It does, however, display the King’s final, Stoic control of his own destiny.

We have also emphasized a theme that was more readily understood by Shakespeare’s audience. The King, as well as ‘suffering’ from old age, is suffering from an illness called ‘The Mother’ – or what Shakespeare calls ‘historica passio’ (though everyone else called it ‘hysterica passio’).

The symptoms of ‘the Mother’ were: acute pain in the stomach, a feeling of suffocation in the chest, choking in the throat, mania and superhuman strength. Michael Drayton….

…….(the poet friend of Shakespeare’s) compared to illness to the Severn bore – a huge wave that bursts into the river from the sea and, as its force is constricted by the narrowing banks, smashes all before it.

This illness was very ‘fashionable’ when Lear was written….

Catholic priests (‘massing’ in England illegally) had interpreted the symptoms as demonic possession and had performed exorcisms on recusants…..

‘Scientific’ Doctors had argued that the ‘the Mother’ was not the work of the Devil – it was simply a disease.

Shakespeare, in the play at least, goes along with this.

It is fashionable to present the King as a fascistic, mittel-European tyrant…….

– but this production sets the play where Shakespeare intended it – in Celtic, pre-Christian Britain.

We’ve also tried to see events from Lear’s point of view (as well as everyone else’s!) He IS in many ways an impossible, unpleasant old man. (Would YOU want him turning up at your home with a hundred knights?)

But he has managed to hold his turbulent kingdom together by the force of his personality and, in doing so, has earnt the undying love of his followers, Kent, Gloucester and the Fool.

Like King Henry VIII at the beginning of his reign………

…….Lear does not have a son to inherit the kingdom

This stress, we believe, has soured his relationship with his daughters, Goneril and Regan, who must have known their father wanted a boy………

……..By the time Cordelia came along, Lear had given up hope. So she got all the love….

Lear is old and he is ill, probably terminally ill as ‘the Mother’ was thought to be fatal.

Unlike Henry VIII’s daughter, Queen Elizabeth……..

……Lear does all he can to avoid Civil War at his death. He divides his Kingdom, with meticulous fairness, between his three daughters and their husbands.

A war can only occur if two daughters make an alliance against the third. However, Lear suddenly decides on a silly –and in our production, drunken – game: he suddenly decides his daughters must all tell him how much they love him.

In reality, the kingdom, as Shakespeare makes clear, has already been divided.

Cordelia, full of love for her father, but as stubborn and as spoilt as he is himself, refuses to play this game.

And the rest is ‘The History of King Lear’.

•

And then we stopped reading the notes as the devastating play began……

•

Stewart is now  back at Code Headquarters in West London……

…. where Your Cat found him sprawled on The Code’s famous sofa…..

….comatose from his Thespian exertions…..

Your Cat pounced on him…..

……and pinned him down….

……… till he finally agreed to be interviewed….

(His modesty is legendary)

To read his extraordinary interview…..

CLICK: HERE!

 

‘Bye, now…

As Brothers and Sisters of The Shakespeare Code well know…..

 …..Your Cat Trixie…..

…..DEMOLISHED Shakespeare in Love: the Play……

…..in her now celebrated…..

….feared…..

…..and HIGHLY INFLUENTIAL….

…..review….

A DREADFUL WARNING FROM TRIXIE THE CAT!!!

Sadly, the majority of English reviewers……

(…..we cannot in all honesty describe them as…..

critics….)

……fell for the tosh…..

Bouncing Czech, Tom Stoppard…….

….who collaborated on the screenplay of Shakespeare in Love………

…..which re-told Caryl Brahms’s story from No Bed for Bacon

…… is still revered in some middle-brow circles…..

HER MAJESTY THE QUEEN, BLESS HER, EVEN AWARDED STOPPARD THE ORDER OF MERIT!!!

(It might look trashy, but it’s highly coveted in Britain!)

So perhaps it’s not surprising that the obsequious hacks went down like nine-pins….

HOWEVER, THERE IS LIGHT AT THE END OF THE TUNNEL……

AND IT’S NOT – IN THE WORDS OF ROBERT LOWELL…….

The light from an oncoming train…..

TIM WALKER…

…..A TRULY INDEPENDENT THINKER…

(he refuses to join the Critics’ Circle……..

…….. or take ‘expenses’ from Producers for out-of-town assignments the way members of The Circle do)

…..wrote a brilliant attack on the production in last Sunday’s Sunday Telegraph  (26th July, 2014)…..

……entitled……

Do we really need this production of Shakespeare in Love?

He likens the show to…..

………a group of old bores in a pub laboriously re-enacting an all-too-well-remembered film – scene by scene…..

….and adds….

…..it seems to go on for hours….this show is far too long and far too boring and needs to be cut. And a lot.

Walker describes how the actors seem to have been chosen simply…….

………..because they look a bit like the characters in the film……

…….and describes the Director’s staging of a scene between Will and a Boatman on the Thames as….

frankly pathetic…..

He concludes……

I found myself wondering what on earth the real Shakespeare would have made of it all…..If there were a cabbage to hand, I have a pretty shrewd idea of what the Bard would have done with it.

(To read Tim Walker’s complete review, Click: http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/theatre/10986397/Do-we-really-need-this-production-of-Shakespeare-in-Love.html )

THERE IS ALSO INTELLIGENT LIFE OVER THE WATER IN AMERICA……

BEN BRANTLEY

……THE CELEBRATED, DAZZLINGLY BRIGHT AND OPENLY GAY AMERICAN CRITIC…

…….writing in the New York Times on 23rd July 2014…….

……..observed…..

Many people, it must be said, prefer the idea of Shakespeare’s plays to the reality of them. Whether they admit it or not, such souls feel that Shakespeare is great for seasoning but indigestible as a main course. They’re often the ones you hear promiscuously peppering their conversation with the canon’s best-known lines or speaking of failed politicians as “truly Shakespearean.”

[Shakespeare in Love: the Play] seems to have been created expressly with this audience in mind. It might best be described as Shakespeare-flavored, in the way that some soft drinks are advertised as fruit-flavored. Like many such beverages, this show is moderately fizzy and leaves a slightly synthetic aftertaste…..

The imitation Shakespeare dialogue now sounds more of Hollywood manufacture than it ever did in the movie. The presence of the line-feeding Christopher Marlowe in the balcony scene where a tongue-tied Will courts Viola now feels less like a harbinger of Romeo and Juliet than a steal from Cyrano de Bergerac….

Shakespeare in Love is Shakespeare for Sophomores……

And there is a remarkable stylistic coincidence between Ben Brantley’s review and mine…..

On 3 July 2014 Your Cat wrote…..

[Shakespeare] is writing Romeo and Ethel the Pirate’s Daughter (big laugh from knowing groundlings….)

On 23rd July 2014 Brantley wrote:

Shakespeare has promised the script for a new play, tentatively titled Romeo and Ethel, the Pirate’s Daughter (more knowing laughs)

IT JUST GOES TO SHOW…..

…..GREAT MINDS DO THINK ALIKE!!!

 ‘Bye now…..

To read Ben Brantley’s complete review, click:

If you would like to read Trixie the Cat’s game-changing review of Shakespeare in Love: the Play, please click: HERE.

…….FROM THE AGENTS OF THE SHAKESPEARE CODE…..

Brothers and Sisters….

Many of you have RIGHTLY complained to Head Office….

 ….that the……

…..INTELLECTUAL RIGOUR….

……of the Code’s pages has been sullied with…..

NAFF, INAPPROPRIATE ADVERTISING.

Whilst the Agents of the Code well understand the…..

 ….COMMERCIAL APPEAL….

…..of The Code’s pages to Advertisers…..

…..(It has enjoyed over 156,000 Views)…..

…..they have decided to take…..

DRACONIAN ACTION.

At an EXTRAORDINARY, MIDNIGHT MEETING of The Code’s BOARD…

….it was decided to go ahead and….

….PURCHASE THE BLOG’S DOMAIN!!!

From this moment…..

ALL ADVERTISING ON THIS SITE WILL BE IN THE HANDS OF THE AGENTS AND FELLOWS OF THE SHAKESPEARE CODE!!!

…..AND WILL BE WORTHY, WE SWEAR, OF ITS AUGUST PAGES….

IN VINCULIS INVICTUS!!!

Here’s a start:

To Read Part One of ‘The Original ending to ‘King Lear’, click: HERE!

To Read ‘The Background to ‘King Lear’, click: HERE!

To read Trixie the Cat’s review of ‘Shakespeare in Love Live Onstage’, click: HERE!

To read ‘The Code’s Top TWENTY POSTS’, click: HERE!

In PART ONE…

……of SHAKESPEARE’S ORIGINAL ENDING TO ‘KING LEAR’…….

……The Shakespeare Code argued that the 1608 Quarto version of the play……

 

…..represents Shakespeare’s original intention.

Lear, filled with grief at the death of Cordelia, kills himself…..

……BY AN ACT OF WILL!!!

He begs his heart to break….

……and his heart obeys.

THIS POST WILL SHOW HOW SHAKESPEARE PREPARES US FOR THIS EXTRAORDINARY ENDING……

•

SHAKESPEARE IN THE PLAY CONTINUALLY DRAWS OUR ATTENTION TO THE KING’S HEART….

HE USES THE WORD….

‘HEART’

…..FIFTY-NINE TIMES!!!….

………..MORE THAN IN ANY OTHER OF HIS WORKS….

Richard III

…… comes closest with 53……

….but even Romeo and Juliet..

…. has only  27….

For Shakespeare and his contemporaries………

……the heart had more of a ‘poetic’ function than it has today…..

It was the seat of the emotions…..

……and held the ‘essence’ of a man or woman’s ‘personality’.’

One of Lear’s most profound questions is about ‘the heart’ of his daughter Regan…..

Then let them anatomize Regan, see what breeds about her heart. Is there any cause in nature that make these hard hearts?

And other characters in the play, experiencing extreme emotions…..

……CONSTANTLY REFER TO THEIR HEARTS!!!

In the storm scene, when Kent begs Lear to enter the hovel…..

…..the King says….

Wilt break my heart?

….and Kent replies….

I had rather break mine own…..

Gloucester, learning of the supposed treachery of his son Edgar, says to Regan….

O, madam, my old heart is crack’d, it’s crack’d!

And a Gentleman describes how Cordelia…..

once or twice….heaved the name of ‘father’

Pantingly forth, as if it press’d her heart.

Edgar, witnessing the spectacle of Lear’s insanity……

….says….

I would not take this from report; it is,

And my heart breaks at it….

And Albany says to Edgar….

Let sorrow split my heart, if ever I

Did hate thee or thy father!

Edgar also wishes…...

……that my heart would burst!

But for Shakespeare in this play…….

……and his contemporaries……

……there is no difference between the ‘poetic’ function of the heart……

…….AND ITS LITERAL FUNCTION AS AN ORGAN OF THE BODY.

For Shakespeare, emotions and thoughts can affect the heart just as much as disease can!!!

 Edgar describes how, when he presented himself to his father……

…….the blinded Gloucester’s…..

flaw’d heart,

Alack, too weak ,conflict to support!

‘Twixt two extremes of passion, joy and grief,

Burst smilingly.

And, earlier in the play, Edgar is worried that Gloucester’s……

…… mere THOUGHT….

…….that he has jumped off a cliff…..

……would be enough to……

…..rob the treasury of life……

….i.e. kill him…..

 The play shows King Lear himself a under massive pressure…..

….both intellectual and emotional….

…….BUT IT ALSO SHOWS HIM SUFFERING FROM A POTENTIALLY FATAL DISEASE……

….CALLED…

The Mother…..

….A DISEASE WHICH ATTACKS HIS HEART!!!

 In the First Act, furious that his servant Caius (the Earl of Kent in disguise) has been put in the stocks…..

……Lear cries…..

O, how this mother swells up toward my heart!
Historica passio, down, thou climbing sorrow,
Thy element’s below!

 ‘The Mother’…..

……was the common name for the disease…..

…..but its ‘medical’ name was generally….

…hysterica passio…..

……i.e. suffering which eminates from the womb….

….. from the Greek ὑστέρα –  hystera or uterus.

King Lear, however, in all the Quarto and later Folio editions…

……calls it…...

……historica passio….

……..because (1)…..

……hysterica passio…..

….. was a version of ‘the Mother’  which was, strictly speaking, confined to women……

…..and because (2)…

……Shakespeare wanted to imply that Lear’s illness was  a long-established one….

[Modern editors of Shakespeare, with no justification at all, have replaced ‘historica‘ with ‘hysterica‘…..

…..thereby loosing a flood of Freudian analysis on the play……]

Shakespeare, we know for certain, read about……

……the Mother……

…..in a pamphlet by Richard Harsnett entitled A Declaration of Egregious Popish Impostures….

……published in 1603…..

(We know this because……

….. being a ‘snapper-up of unconsidered trifles’….

……Shakespeare lifted many words and phrases from it for King Lear)

Harsnett, a Protestant, attacks Roman Catholic exorcisms……..

…… carried out on English recusants in the mid-1580’s…….

….. by Catholic missionary priests…..

Harsnett describes how one of the exorcised, Richard Mainy……

……himself a Catholic priest manqué …..

…..had a spice of the hysterica passio, as seems, from his youth; he himself terms it the Mother (as you may see in his confession) and saith he was much troubled with it in France, and that it was one of the causes that moved him to leave his holy order whereinto he was initiated, and to return into England.  

In his Confession to the Privy Council in 1602, Mainy himself said:

Whether I do rightly name it the Mother or no , I know not. But it is well known to the Physicians of London  that may be alive and were then of any name, that my eldest brother Thomas Mainy had the same disease, and that he died of it; and Master Edmund Peckham (as I have been credibly informed) was like wise troubled with it. When I was sick of this disease in France, a Scottish Doctor of Physic  then in Paris called it , as I remember, Vertiginem capitis [Vertigo of the head]. It riseth (as he said, and I have often felt) of a wind in the bottom of the belly, and proceeding with a great swelling, causeth a very painful colic in the stomach, and an extraordinary giddiness in the head. With this disease  I am still once in four or five years troubled, and I do greatly suspect that it will end me, as it did my brother.

……Then they, the exorcists, told me what extraordinary strength I showed in one of my pangs which moved me little. For the nature of that disease is to cause one’s belly to swell in such sort as two or three are not able (using any good discretion) to keep down the wind that seeketh to ascend, as is very well known to those who have seen either a man or woman in that fit.

•

In 1602, there was also a famous witch trial……

A fourteen year old girl called Mary Glover accused an older woman, Elizabeth Jackson, of bewitching her….

….and claimed that Jackson had used her supernatural powers to give her choking and fits….

 But Edward Jorden – a Doctor – stated at the trial that Glover’s symptoms were not those of possession……

 …….they were symptoms of a disease called…..

……..Suffocation of the Mother…..

Jackson, controversially, was found guilty of witchcraft……

……..and sentenced to a year in jail…..

…….but was released shortly after her imprisonment.

Dr. Jorden, to prove he was right, published a book called……

A Brief Discourse of a Disease called the Suffocation of the Mother…..

……in the following year, 1603.

Jorden wrote:

The disease is called by diverse names amongst our authors, Passio Hysterica, Suffocatio Priefocatio, and Strangulatus uteri, Caducus Matricis i.e. in English, the Mother or the Suffocation of the Mother, because most commonly it takes them with choking in the throat; and it is an effect of the mother or womb, wherein the principal parts of the body by consent do suffer diversely according to the diversity of the causes and diseases therewith the matrix is offended.

He also states that the symptoms could be brought on by….

…….the stirring of the affections of the mind.

Four years after the 1608 production of Lear…..

Michael Drayton……..

……….refers to the Mother…..

…….in the VII Song of Polyolbion…

…..a topographical, anthropomorphic poem….

…..which describes Wales and England…..

…….and was going to cover Scotland as well…..

(But no trace of the Scottish section survives.)

Drayton began the work in in 1598…..

……..but the first section was not published till 1612.

According to the journal of John Ward…..

……who became the Vicar of Stratford-upon-Avon in 1662…….

…….(less than fifty years after Shakespeare’s death)…..

…….and who mugged up on the local folklore about the Bard.

…..Drayton, he wrote, had been at the…..

…..merry meeting…..

…..with Shakespeare and Ben Jonson….

…..when the three men….….

…drank too hard, for Shakespeare died of a fever there contracted.

So, it is highly probable that Shakespeare, as a friend of Drayton, saw the Polyolbion poem in manuscript.

Drayton, in Book VII,  refers to the famous Severn Bore…..

……or…..

…higre….

……a gigantic surge wave that comes in from the sea and up the Severn river at certain times of the year…..

……and becomes ferocious and noisy as its makes its way from the estuary of the Severn…..

 

……through the narrowing channels and bends of the river….

 

Drayton describes how when the…

…….tumultuous waves……

…are…

…….shut up in narrower bounds, the higre wildly raves;

And frights the straggling flocks [of sheep] the neighbouring shores to fly,

Afar as from the main it comes with hideous cry,

And on the angry front the curled foam doth bring,

The billows ‘gainst the banks when fiercely it doth fling;

Hurls up the slimy ooze, and makes the scaly brood [fish]

Leap madding to the land affrighted from the flood;

O’erturns the toiling barge, whose steersman doth not lanch,

And thrusts the furrowing beak into her ireful panch…

The Severn Bore seems more sedate now than it was in Drayton’s time….

……but the bore on the Qian Tang River in China still erupts with terrifying fury…..

Drayton, in Polyolbion, goes on to use an epic simile to describe the Severn bore…..

…..and choses for his imagery a woman in the throws of ‘the Mother’….

As when we haply see a sickly woman fall

Into a fit of that which we the Mother call

When from the grieved womb

She feels the pain arise

Breaks into grievous sighs with intermixed cries

Bereaved of her sense: and struggling still with those

That ‘gainst her rising pain

Their utmost strength oppose

Starts, tosses, tumbles, strikes, turns, touses, spurns and sprawls

Casting with furious limbs her holders to the walls

But that the horrid pangs

Torment the grieved so

One well might muse from whence

This sudden strength should grow….

•

So, from Mainy, Jorden and Drayton we learn that ‘the Mother’…

(1) Can be brought on by situations of stress and emotion…..J.

(2) Manifests as an acute pain and swelling in the stomach or the womb….J. M. D.

(3) Travels upwards…M. J. D.

(4) Produces a suffocating sensation in the chest….J.

(5) Produces a choking sensation in the throat……M. J.

(6) Leads to acute dizziness….M. J. D.

(7) Leads to loss of reasoning powers….D.

(8) Brings on fits, groans and cries….D.

(9) Brings on an extraordinary increase in physical strength…..M. D.

….and…

(10) Often culminates in death….M.

IN ITS NEXT POST….

…..THE SHAKESPEARE CODE WILL SHOW HOW KING LEAR…..

……DISPLAYS EVERY SINGLE SYMPTOM….

……OF…..

‘THE MOTHER’

…..AND FINALLY KILLS HIMSELF BY ENLISTING…..

……THE POWER OF HIS OWN DISEASE!!!

•

To Read Part One of this Series, click: HERE!

To Read ‘The Background to ‘King Lear’, click: HERE!

To read Trixie the Cat’s review of ‘Shakespeare in Love Live Onstage’, click: HERE!

To read ‘The Code’s Top TWENTY POSTS’, click: HERE!

Brothers and Sisters of The Shakespeare Code……

BEWARE, BEWARE…..

Just when you thought the dread movie……

….. Shakespeare in Love…..

 

….was dead and buried….

….it morphs into an even more dreadful….

…..PLAY FOR THE STAGE!!!

TWENTY-EIGHT actors and musicians have been hired to tell the story…..

…….first told by Caryl Brahms and S. J. Simon in their 1941 novel, No Bed for Bacon….

……..repeated by Marc Norman and Tom Stoppard in the movie, Shakespeare in Love….

 

……..and now repeated AGAIN by Lee (Billy Elliot) Hall in his stage adaptation of the movie….

……..of Shakespeare’s affair with the stage-struck aristocratic Lady Viola…….

……..who dresses up as a boy and acts in Romeo and Juliet…..

What’s wrong with that, Trixie?

 …..Your Cat hears you cry…..

What’s wrong with a bit of romantic tosh in the West End of London?

NOTHING!!!

……except for one thing…..

…..the Producers are palming the whole thing off as an……

…. EDUCATIONAL EVENT……

…..as though the whole preposterous story were somehow…..

 REAL!!!

They are even producing Educational Packs for schools…..

…..and have inveigled a SERIOUS ACADEMIC, Dr. Natalie Mears….

……a Senior Lecturer at Durham University….

…..to produce an essay for the programme……

….. portentously entitled……

 Elizabeth I and the World of Shakespeare in Love….

(THE WORLD OF SHAKESPEARE IN LOVE!!!)

The programme also provides us with a thumb-nail gallery of

 The REAL LIFE FIGURES AND PLACES in Shakespeare in Love…..

‘

But perhaps the story IS real, Trixie!

……Your Cat hears you desperately cry…..

Let’s examine the facts….

Dr. Mears tells us that the play is set in 1593…..

……something the programme itself confirms….

…..and adds that it’s LONDON, 1593….

It HAS to be 1593……..

……because that is the year in which Christopher Marlowe….

…..who plays a big part in the evening’s proceedings…..

…..was killed in a tavern brawl in Deptford….

(In the movie version, Shakespeare is responsible for Marlowe’s death……

In the stage version, he is more honestly exonerated……

The Producers must have been thinking about their Education Packs)

But by FIXING the date as 1593……

…which neither the novel nor the play does….

……you are IMMEDIATELY into problems….

As Dr. Mears admits, there was a plague raging in London which killed thousands of people….

What she DOESN’T say is that……..

 ALL THE THEATRES WERE CLOSED!!!

NONE OF THESE EVENTS COULD HAVE HAPPENED IN LONDON AT THAT TIME!!!

Worse, we are shown a Shakespeare writing Romeo and Juliet……

BUT NO SERIOUS SCHOLAR PUTS THE PLAY BEFORE 1595……

TWO YEARS AFTER MARLOWE WAS STABBED!!!

Poetic Licence!…..

…..Your Cat hears you cry….

…..with even more desperation….

But believe her, it gets even worse….

Shakespeare isn’t writing Romeo and Juliet …..

He is writing Romeo and Ethel the Pirate’s Daughter…

(Big laugh from knowing groundlings….)

It is Marlowe who gives Shakespeare the idea for the play we now have…..

But as ANY Shakespeare Scholar knows..

…..and most A-Level students…

SHAKESPEARE WAS RE-WRITING AN ALREADY ESTABLISHED STORY…..

Arthur Brooke had written HIS version……

…… called The Tragicall Historye of Romeus and Iuliet……

…….in 1562.

And William Painter had written his……

…….included in The Palace of Pleasure……

……..sometime before 1580.

Shakespeare’s habit was to work from old plots…..

….and even from old plays…..

But though he was in the habit of collaborating

…..Shakespeare in Love….

…..(or this play version, anyway)…..

…..DOES SHAKESPEARE A MASSIVE, PHILISTINE DISSERVICE.

IT IMPLIES HIS SONNETS

WERE WRITTEN BY CHRISTOPHER MARLOWE!!!

No-one can BEGIN to understand the complex nature of Shakespeare’s emotional life without reading his 154 Sonnets……

…..indeed, William Wordsworth……

……said the Sonnets were….

…..the key with which Shakespeare unlocked his heart…..

So to have the sublime love Sonnet 18…..

Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day……

…..presented on the stage as a piece of plagiarism…..

…..is a vulgarity of such wickedness…..

YOUR CAT IS ALMOST SPEECHLESS…..

EDUCATIONAL PACKS INDEED!!!

YOUR CAT WOULD SEND THEM PACKING!!!

And it gets WORSER….

The Sonnet, in both the play and the film, is inspired by the beauty of Lady Viola…..

……and addressed to her….

There is not a serious Shakespeare scholar ON EARTH who believes that Sonnet 18 was written to a woman…..

It was written to a man…..

…..or at least a….

….lovely boy

…..and MORE and MORE Scholars…….

…..around the world….

…. are coming to agree with The Shakespeare Code…….

….that this man was……

Henry Wriothesley, the Third Earl of Southampton

 

a.k.a.Harry Southampton…….

See: Just how gay was the third Earl of Southampton.

Harry was Shakespeare’s patron….

And on good evidence gave him the colossal gift of £1,000 to….

make a purchase

Dr. Mears has the good grace to write:

There is no evidence of court ladies having affairs with poor players…..

…….and at least she mentions the Earl of Southampton…….

…….even if she does claim…….

……. WITH NO EVIDENCE AT ALL…….

……..that Elizabeth Vernon deliberately made herself pregnant……..

…..to MAKE Southampton marry her.

Indeed, there is every evidence that Harry and Elizabeth adored each other…..

…..so much so that there is an oral tradition in Titchfield……

…..the Earl of Southampton ‘s stately home….

 ……that their love was the inspiration for Romeo and Juliet….

….and the ambiguity of Mercutio’s reaction to the events in the play……..

….. would certainly have mirrored Shakespeare’s OWN ambiguity about the courtship of his lover, Harry, and Elizabeth….

See: Shakespeare in Titchfield.

But there is also LITERARY evidence that links the Southampton family to Romeo and Juliet……

  …..an entertainment for a wedding celebration in 1572……

….written by George Gascoigne.

Harry Southampton’s mother was Mary Browne, the 2nd Countess of Southampton…..

Her father was Anthony Browne…..

…..who became Lord Montague when he was elevated to the House of Peers in 1554.

Two of his children got married in 1572 ……

…..Anthony, Mary Browne’s twin brother –

…..and Elizabeth, her half sister…..

…..and Lord Montague commissioned Gascoigne to produce an entertainment……

…..BASED ON THE MONTAGUES…..

….AND THE CAPULETS…..

Two Famous Italian Families…

In the story, a Lord Montague……

……who in this version of events lives in Venice rather than Verona…..

 ……saves a little boy……..

……..(who wears a token of the Montacutes in his cap)……

……  from the clutches of the Capulets…..

……and a wind blows them to England and the wedding celebration…..

As the ‘pretty boy’ says:

This grave Venetian….

Gan straight with many courteous words in arms me to embrace.

And kissed me on the cheeks, and bade me make good cheer

And thanked the mighty hand of God, for that which happened there…

Originally all the wedding guests were to dress as Venetians…..

But this proved too costly, even for the Montagues…..

So the Romeo and Juliet story was dear to the Southampton family…

….especially the Countess of Southampton……

…..who may even have commissioned it…..

…..and it was, in all likelihood, first performed at Titchfield….

…..as local legend says.

It was, after all, Mary Browne who commissioned Shakespeare to write seventeen sonnet for her son’s seventeenth birthday….

TO TRY TO GET HIM INTERESTED IN GIRLS!!!

See: The Birthday Sonnets.

She could well have re-inforced the message of the Birthday Sonnets with a decidedly HETEROSEXUAL play!!!

 

At the end of Shakespeare in Love, Queen Elizabeth………

….. commands Shakespeare to write Twelfth Night…..

Shakespeare must have suffered another writer’s block…..

In reality, Twelfth Night did not appear till eight years later…….

…. in 1601!!!

But by this stage in the evening, reality is abandoned altogether……

The entire company perform a patriotic jig to the words of…..

…Vivat Regina….

….Long live the Queen…..

…..to the roaring delight of the modern groundlings….

Again, pure hokum……

Dr Mears insists that…..

Shakespeare in Love does not obviously reflect many of the tensions and problems of Elizabeth’s later years…

But as Brothers and Sisters  of The Shakespeare Code well know….

Shakespeare, a Catholic, loathed Elizabeth, a Protestant……

…..even in 1593!!!

But if Shakespeare COULDN’T have been in London in 1593…..

….because of the Plague which claimed 20,oo0 lives….

(thanks for this figure, Dr. Mears)

– …..where was he?

Click: SHAKESPEARE IN ITALY  to find out!

Bye, now.

 

To read about equally dazzling, subsequent reviews of Shakespeare in Love: the Play by Tim Walker and Ben Brantley –  please click: HERE!

THE SMART MONEY FOLLOWS TRIXIE THE CAT!!!

Note: To read Part Two of ‘The Original Ending to ‘King Lear’ – ‘The King’s Disease’ – click: HERE.

To read The Shakespeare Code’s new ‘Top Twenty Posts’…..

….click: HERE!

 

 

 

 

 KING LEAR….

…..was first published as a single play…….

….. in a small, Quarto sized, edition in 1608……

…..eight years BEFORE William Shakespeare’s death.

It was later published as part of a collection in a larger, Folio sized edition in 1623..

 

……seven years AFTER Shakespeare’s death…..

This FIRST FOLIO edition, as it has come to be known…….

….(there were to be later Folio editions)….

……..was edited by two of Shakespeare’s friends…..

……the actors, businessmen and petty crooks….

 

…..who claimed this was the AUTHORISED version of the plays….

…..designed to replace the…..

…..diverse stolen and surreptitious copies maimed and deformed by the frauds and stealths of injurious impostors….

……of which the 1608 Quarto edition of King Lear, by implication, was one!!!

As a result of Heminge and Condell’s self-declared painstaking editorship…….

…..the plays now emerged…..

cur’d, and perfect of their limbs and….absolute in their numbers as [Shakespeare] conceived them…..

Thomas Heywood had made the same claims for himself eighteen years earlier in 1605……

…when he published his own version of his play……

….designed to replace a…...

……most corrupted copy…….

…..which had been…..

…..published without his consent….

In a new Prologue, Heywood describes, in similar language to Heminge and Condell, how he…..

…..took the pains…..

…..to put his play….

….upright upon its feet

To teach it walk….

He also recounts the method by which plays were stolen…..

STENOGRAPHY!!!

(Heywood’s own word!!!)

‘Pirates’ would lurk in the audience……

…..which…..

….thronged the seats, the boxes and the stage…..

….and take down the entire play……

BY HAND!!!

As a consequence, Heywood claims, their edition of the play had…..

….Scarce one word true….

But it must be remembered that Heminge, Condell and Heywood had a product to sell…..

…..their own new versions of existing plays….

…..so they exaggerated…..

…..and, in the case of Heminge and Condell, actually lied!

They claimed to have…..

….scarce received from [Shakespeare] a blot in his papers…..

…..but one glance at the manuscript of Shakespeare’s contribution to The Play of Sir Thomas More……

…..shows that Shakespeare certainly did blot his papers!!!

(Heminge and Condell were propagating the myth that Shakespeare wrote his plays ALONE…..

…..but as Brothers and Sisters of The Code well know…..

 ……..Shakespeare COLLABORATED throughout his career…..

…….and was constantly updating and re-writing his work.)

The stenographer of the 1608 Quarto version of Lear, it is true, DID sometimes mishear the words the actors were saying….

He wrote down…..

The mistress of Hecat, and the might….

…..wheras the Folio edition of 1623 has….

The miseries of Hecate and the night……

[The SECOND Folio of 1632 is DIFFERENT AGAIN ! It has ‘The mysteries of Hecate and the night’.]

The 1608 stenographer also heard as  PROSE…..

…….some passages that were later to be revealed as VERSE in the Folio edition…..

 

HOWEVER…..

The pirated Quarto edition has supplied us with lines from King Lear…..

….INDEED A WHOLE SCENE…

……WHICH WE OTHERWISE WOULD NOT POSSESS!!!

In the Quarto Version, King Lear, losing his wits, conducts a mock trial of his daughters……

…..in which he mistakes a joint-stool for Goneril….

 

THIS SCENE DOES NOT EXIST IN THE FIRST FOLIO EDITION!!!

(It was clearly cut from performances after 1608)

So, for all its faults….. 

THE 1608 QUARTO SHOWS US WHAT ACTUALLY HAPPENED ON THE STAGE….

MOSTLY this is the same as the Folio Version..

…except when it comes to the LAST SCENE of the play….

WHERE IT IS RADICALLY DIFFERENT!!!

•

In the First Folio version of the last scene…….

…….Lear comes across a soldier who is hanging his youngest daughter, Cordelia, in her cell…..

Old as the King is, he manages to kill him…..

…….then enters, carrying the body of Cordelia, in his arms…..

He COMMANDS everyone to howl in grief…..

….. if he still had a voice and eyes as strong as theirs are, he would…

……use them so that Heaven’s vault should crack….

Lear is a warrior king who has experienced death in battle…..

He KNOWS….

……when one is dead and when one lives…..

Cordelia is…..

…..dead as earth…..

But, in desperation, he clings onto the idea that she might be alive….

He asks for a looking glass to see if her breath will….

….mist or stain the stone….

He holds a feather to her mouth which….

…..stirs….

….probably because his hand is shaking….

….but Lear WANTS to believe that Cordelia is alive….

It is a chance which does redeem all sorrows

That ever I have felt….

The faithful Earl of Kent presents himself to Lear…..

…..but Lear doesn’t recognise him.

Lear then tries to convince himself that Cordelia is speaking to him…..

……and explains that the reason that no-one can hear her is because…

……..her voice was ever soft

Gentle and low, an excellent thing in woman….

The Duke of Albany……..

…..who has finally taken a stand against his evil and disloyal wife, Goneril….

……promises that….

What comfort to this great decay [King Lear] may come

Shall be applied….

He gives up his right to the throne to the old king…..

……..and promises to reward those who have behaved honourably.

Lear has returned to Cordelia’s body…..

…..and finally forces himself to accept the truth…..

And my poor fool is hang’d! No, no, no life!

Why should a rat, a dog, a horse have life,

And thou no breath at all. Thou’lt come no more,

Never, never, never, never, never!

Lear feels he is choking and asks for help….

Pray you, undo this button. Thank you sir…

He then turns back to Cordelia, looks at her and cries:

Do you see this? Look on her, look her lips,

Look there, look there….

He believes Cordelia’s lips are moving!

He thinks she is alive!

So all the sorrows that Lear has ever felt ARE redeemed….

And at this moment of supreme happiness, he dies.

The great Shakespearean, A.C. Bradley……

…….writes……

To us, perhaps, the knowledge that [Lear] is deceived may bring a culmination of pain: but if it brings only that, I believe we are false to Shakespeare, and it seems almost beyond question that any actor is false to the text who does not attempt to express, in Lear’s last accents and gestures and look, an unbearable joy.

So, like the Earl of Gloucester in the play……

……reunited with his loving, loyal son, Edgar….

……Lear’s heart has….

…..burst smilingly……

Edgar hopes that the King is still alive….

But Kent wills him to die…..

Break heart, I prithee break….

……explaining….

……he hates him

that would upon the rack of this tough world stretch him out longer.

Edgar concedes that the King is dead….

…..and Albany now offers his throne to the….

….friends of my soul…..

…….the Earl of Kent and Edgar, the new Earl of Gloucester…..

But Kent whose….

…..strings of life….

…have……

…. begun to crack….

…..knows he must soon join his master in heaven.

Edgar, however, takes up the responsibilities of kingship with a new resolve to…..

….speak what we feel, not what we ought to say…..

But he acknowledges that the times are so bad, the world must be coming to an end….

The oldest hath borne most. We that are young

Shall never see so much nor live so long…..

•

The last scene in the 1608 Quarto is almost exactly the same as the 1623 First Folio……

……up to Lear’s last speech….

……FROM WHICH POINT IT IS RADICALLY DIFFERENT!!!

This is a reprint of the FIRST FOLIO ending….

This is a reprint of the 1608 QUARTO version:

 

LEAR IN THE QUARTO VERSION DOES NOT BELIEVE HE SEES THE LIPS OF HIS DAUGHTER MOVE.

In fact, with his repeated ‘Never’ he drives home to himself…….

….THAT HE WILL NEVER SEE CORDELIA AGAIN!!!

As in the Folio version, this terrible truth stifles his breathing…..

…….and again he asks someone to undo his button.

He looks back to the body of his daughter…..

…..but this time he utters a terrible cry……..

…o,o,o,o….

…and faints.

Edgar goes to his aid…..

……but with an heroic effort of will, the King commands his own heart to stop beating…..

Break heart, I prithee break…..

And his heart obeys.

As in the Folio edition, the Duke of Albany offers his throne to Kent and Edgar……

But in the Quarto version, not only does Kent refuse it…..

…..EDGAR REFUSES IT AS WELL!!!

So the last speech in the play is spoken by Albany.

Left ruling a Kingdom he does not want to rule…..

….. employs for the first time the royal ‘We’…

….and rebukes himself for not speaking out against evil earlier…..

…Speak what we feel, not what we ought to say….

(What is a glimmer of hope on Edgar’s lips becomes an admission of complicity on Albany’s)

Albany, finally, comes to the same conclusion that Edgar comes to…..

……THAT THE WORLD IS SO CORRUPT IT MUST BE HURTLING TO ITS END….

The Quarto conclusion to King Lear…..

……Shakespeare’s first revision of the play since he collaborated with Thomas Kyd on the old King Leir….

See: The Background to ‘King Lear’.

…….is one of unremitting despair.

•

Kenneth Muir……

….whose Arden edition of King Lear my generation grew up with……

 ……claims that all these differences in the Quarto were down to compositors’ errors.

But in the next Posts, The Code will demonstrate………..

(1) How this bleak ending to the play was thoroughly prepared for by Shakespeare…..

(2) How it ties in with Shakespeare’s other work….

….and….

(3) HOW IT TIES IN WITH SHAKESPEARE’S LIFE ITSELF!!!

TO READ PART TWO, ‘THE KING’S DISEASE’, CLICK: HERE.

 

 AN ANNOUNCEMENT FROM TRIXIE THE CAT

On Wednesday, 7th May, 2014, The Shakespeare Code registered its……

ONE HUNDRED AND FIFTY THOUSANDTH VIEW!!!

To Honour the event, Your Cat has compiled a new….

….TOP TWENTY ALL TIME POSTS…..

…….AND HERE THEY ARE!!!

1.

Still way out in the lead is……..

‘Just how Gay was the Third Earl of Southampton’

……an exploration of William Shakespeare’s…….

……. fifteen year gay affair……..

….(1590 to 1605)….

……..with Henry Wriothesley, the Third Earl of Southampton……

……a Post that was tweeted by the ineffable Stephen Fry….

……producing THOUANDS UPON THOUSANDS of Views….

The Code draws largely on Shakespeare’s Sonnets for its information…..

….complex, coded poems, with which……

……. in William Wordsworth’s words…..

Shakespeare unlocked his heart…..

2.

‘A Midsummer Night’s Dream Decoded’

HURTLING up the charts is….

……our redical new interpretation of ‘A Midsummer Night’s Dream’.

……which argues that the play was a commission from the lovely, widowed….

……Mary Browne, Second Countess of Southampton….

 ….the mother of Shakespeare’s boyfriend…..

 ….to celebrate her wedding, in 1594, at Copt Hall in Essex…….

……. to Sir Thomas Heneage….

….an old lover of Queen Elizabeth….

…..AND A PROTESTANT!!!

(Mary, as Brothers and Sisters of The Code well know, was a committed Catholic…….

…..often in trouble with the Privy Council for harbouring renegade priests.)

Shakespeare had to write a play that would please both Papists and Proddies….

……the supporters of  Mary Queen of Scots….

…..who’d had her head chopped off six years previously…..

…..and the supporters of Queen Elizabeth…..

 …..who was still very much alive….

‘Decoding ‘A Midsummer Night’s Dream’ is still a work in progress…..

…..but in the light of the subject’s OVERWHELMING popularity….

…..WORLD WIDE…

…….THE CODE INTENDS TO PUBLISH A SCENE BY SCENE ANALYSIS OF THE PLAY IN THE COMING YEAR!!!

3.

Shakespeare in Titchfield. A Summary of the Evidence.

In 1590, The Code argues, Shakespeare went to live in Titchfield, Hampshire…..

…..as a ‘fac totum’ for the Southampton household….

…as an entertainer and playwright….

….as a teacher in the local Grammar School…..

….and as a lover of the teenage Harry Southampton….

(not to mention the beautiful, mixed race courtesan and musician…….

….. Aemilia Lanyer…..

…..the Dark Lady of the Sonnets)

This Post draws on  the topography of Titchfield….

….and references in the sonnets and plays to REAL PEOPLE….

….to show that many of the early plays were acted in the Hall and Grounds of Place House…

…….and that aristocrats……

….including FEMALE aristocrats…..

….. like Lady Penelope Rich….

……played in the entertainments along with professional actors…..

….. like Shakespeare.

4.

6,000 VIEWS AND THE APPOINTMENT OF MAGGIE OLLERENSHAW!

…..to a Code Fellowship!!!

Maggie Ollerenshaw, F.S.C….

…..is a.k.a. Wavy Mavis from the WORLD RENOWNED T.V. sitcom Open All Hours….

…..which was revived last Christmas…..

This Post includes Your Cat’s now CLASSIC interview with Maggie……

 ……in which she lays bare her soul to her Feline Friend.

5.

Viola’s ‘Willow Cabin’ Speech De-Coded.

….relates Viola’s SUBLIME from ‘Twelfth Night’……..

……to an incident at Tilbury during the Armada…..

…..when English noblemen were happy to camp out in ‘willow cabins’…..

 …….in the fields and beaches…..

…..to show their love for their Queen……

…shown here in armour on horseback.

6.

‘Macbeth’ Decoded. Part Four. The Witches (II)

…….argues that ‘Macbeth’ was first performed…

NOT when King James came to the English throne…

BUT in Queen Elizabeth’s reign…..

……in SCOTLAND…..

….. in 1599…..

….at Holyrood House….

(on the very spot where he had ‘examined’ the notorious Berwick witches)

……to encourage him to join the Essex rebellion….

….and seize the throne of England from Elizabeth.

7.

‘Macbeth’ Decoded. Part Two. The Political Backdrop…

8.

Twelfth Night Decoded: Part Four. Malvolio as Sir Walter Raleigh.

The Code argues that ‘Twelfth Night’ was staged in 1601 as an attempt to appease the Queen…..

….who was furious with the Earl of Essex for abandoning his post in Ireland…

…..and even more furious whenhe burst into her bedchamber at Nonesuch Palace….

….before she had time to put on her make-up!!!

Essex is presented sympathetically as the love-sick Orsino…..

…..and Essex’s great rival…..

……Sir Walter Raleigh…..

……UNSYMPATHETICALLY as the upstart Malvolio….

9.

‘Macbeth’ Decoded. Part Five. The Macbeths as Queen Elizabeth…

The Macbeths kill their royal guest and usurp the throne of Scotland…..

Queen Elizabeth had killed HER royal guest….

….King James’s mother….

Mary Queen of Scots….

….and as far as Catholics were concerned….

HAD USURPED THE THRONE OF ENGLAND!!!

10.

Shakespeare: The Movie I.

A Trilogy about Shakespeare…..

……in a series of stunning visual images……

…..which shows how the Bard’s life became……

……. inextricably woven…….

…. with those of the Earls of Essex and Southampton

…..how Shakespeare earned Queen Elizabeth’s disfavour…..

…. by being associated with the Essex rebellion against her….

….and being in a gay relationship wit h the Earl of Southampton…..

…and how he came back into favour when bisexual King James ascended the English throne.

11.

50,000 VIEWS AND FIFTEEN NEW COUNTRIES!!!

This includes UNCANNILY ACCURATE predictions that…..

…… Stewart Trotter has made…..

…including the prophesy that Sir Nicholas Hytner……

…….. would run the Royal National Theatre……

……before he had directed a single professional play!!!

At that Tony Blair was a psychopath….

……even before he took office.

Trotter attributes this astonishing gift….

…..to his HIGH ROMANY BLOOD…..

…….but looking again at the flakey photo of Blair….

YOU DIDN’T NEED ROMANY BLOOD TO MAKE THE PREDICTION!!!

12.

Why did William Shakespeare write the Sonnets?

This Post began life as an article for the Actors Centre in London….

‘An Actors’ Guide’ to Shakespeare’s Sonnets…..

…..but is useful to ANYONE with an interest in the Bard.

13.

Twelfth Night Decoded: Part Three. Sir Toby Belch as George, Lord Hunsdon.

George, Lord Hunsdon was Queen Elizabeth’s boozy, gormandising cousin……

…… with whom she’d had an enormous row.

(He’d said she was too old to ride on a horse)

He was at the first night of ‘Twelfth Night’ and is the model for Sir Toby Belch.

14.

Twelfth Night Decoded: Part One. Olivia as Queen Elizabeth.

Olivia is the mistress of the household after the death of her father and brother.

Malvolio wants to take over and control her…..

Elizabeth became Queen of England after the death of her father and her brother….

Sir Walter Raleigh wants to take over and control her….

15.

BIOGRAPHY

……of our reclusive Chief Agent….

……STEWART TROTTER….

….whom we see up a coconut tree in Papua….

He has been up one sort of tree or another all his life…

16.

Shakespeare: The Movie III

This covers Shakespeare’s ‘retirement’ to Stratford….

…and the burst of new life he got from his relationship with his daughter, Susanna.

17.

The Dedication to ‘Shakespeare’s Sonnets’ Decoded…..

…….which reveals that the Dedication to the Sonnets is a coded reference to Shakespeare’s THEN EX-BOYFRIEND….

…..Henry Wriothesley, Third Earl of Southampton.

Southampton dropped the Bard in 1605….

….when he finally produced a son and heir.

(He wanted to hid his gay side from his son)

Shakespeare’s bitter, murderous anger at this rejection was to fuel Sonnet 126…

……and much of the misanthropy in parts of ‘King Lear’……

18.

‘Richard III’ Decoded: Part One. ‘All the Queen’s Men…’

……argues that the character of King Richard……

…..a.k.a. the Boar…..

…..is a coded attack on the recently deceased,

……Robert Dudley, Earl of Leicester…

….lover of Queen Elizabeth, poisoner of rivals, wife slayer, adulterer, murderer and bigot…..

…..a.k.a. The Bear…

19.

Twelfth Night Decoded: Part Two. Feste the Clown as Thomas Nashe.

Tom Nashe, The Code believes, was Shakespeare’s regular collaborator…..

(Tom wrote the dreadful gags)

In ‘Twelfth Night’ – to gain the forgiveness of the Queen whom he’d offended – he played Feste the jester….

…..in an attempt to make Her Majesty laugh…..

20.

Trixie the Cat’s Guide to The Sonnets: (2) The Birthday Sonnets.

This is Your Cat’s argument that the first 17 Sonnets of Shakespeare were written….

….to a commission from Mary Southampton…..

…..to celebrate Harry Southampton’s seventeenth birthday…..

…..and to try to get him interested in girls!!

But as Brothers and Sisters of The Code well know….

…..THE SCHEME SERIOUSLY MISFIRED!!!

•

Well, that’s The Code’s current TOP TWENTY…..

…..and quite enough from Your Cat.

She will hand you over to our dishy new agent, Tom ‘X’….

 

…..who has been looking through the Posts that DIDN’T make it into the Top Twenty …..

Stand by for….

TOM’S HOT TIPS!!!

‘Bye, now….

•

Ta, Trix.

The first thing to be said, Bruvs and Sorellas,

…..is that many of these Top Twenty Posts have the most Views…….

…. because they have been there the longest!!!

Hovering just outside the Top Twenty are wonderful Posts like…….

The Earl of Southampton and Trixie the Cat

 ….which decodes this highly enigmatic painting of Trixie and Gay Harry…..

Queen Elizabeth had died and Harry was hoping to become King James’s….

……FIRST ENGLISH BOYFRIEND!!!

But he was still imprisoned in the Tower of London….

…as a traitor to the late Queen Elizabeth..

….while the Countess of Pembroke’s sons were rushing North….

…hoping to be the first to jump into King James’s bed!!!

Gay Harry solved the problem in a flash!

He sent the King a wooing portrait…..

…..offering his ‘hand in marriage’ to the King…..

…….along with a couple of highly  flattering Sonnets  from Will….

This story is also told in the dazzling……

Shakespeare: the Play.

The great SIMON CALLOW……

….was kind enough to read an early draft of and pronounced it…..

a delight…..

The distinguished actor director and teacher , ANDREW JARVIS….

…took part in a read-through of the play in London and wrote to Stewart Trotter…

I think your play is wonderful. I thought it read absolutely beautifully – and it was a joy to be part of….

THE PERFORMING RIGHTS, WORLD-WIDE, ARE NOW AVAILABLE.

TRANSLATION RIGHTS ARE ALSO AVAILABLE

To read Stewart’s review of Simon Callow’s…..

…… glorious biography of Charles Dickens….

……click: HERE

After the review was published, Simon wrote to Stewart…..

You certainly got it!

Also I’d like to draw the attention of Bruvs and Sorellas to….

Shakespeare in Italy

 

……which traces the influence of Titian’s Paintings……

…..’Venus and Adonis’ and ‘The Rape of Lucrece’….

….on Shakespeare’s poems of the same name…

(Shakespeare even uses the same COLOURS in his two poems that Titian uses in his paintings)

 These Posts also show that the obelisk in front of St. Peter’s in Rome…..

……and the brass orb that once surmounted it……

……also make coded appearances in the Sonnets….

 Shakespeare made a secret journey to the Continent in 1593…..

….accompanied by Harry Southampton and Tom Nashe…

The distinguished Shakespearean scholar, Prof. Roger Prior…..

……using completely different criteria to The Code…..

…..ALSO argues that Shakespeare visited Italy……

IN THE VERY SAME YEAR!!!

A Post destined for greatness is….

How Shakespeare’s Dark Lady found God

….which shows how Aemilia Lanyer……

…..a beautiful young musician and courtesan…..

……and proto feminist…..

……became the mistress of Shakespeare and Gay Lord Harry…..

……as well as Old Lord Hunsdon….

…..wrote a scandalous attack on ALL her lovers under the pen-name of a man…..

(See: Willobie his Avisa Decoded)

…..then converted from Judaism to Christianity….

BUT CHRISTIANITY OF A HIGHLY IDIOSYNCRATIC…..

….POLITICAL AND EROTIC NATURE……

Also of profound interest is…..

The Background to ‘King Lear’

……which catalogues all the changes Shakespeare made to the original ‘historical’ story…..

…..and the old play of King Leir…..

…..which the Chief Agent argues was an early collaboration between Shakespeare and Thomas Kyd…..

…AND WHICH HAS A HAPPY ENDING!!!

Stewart traces the influence of Catholic thought on Shakespeare after the disappointment…..

….. (to Catholics at least!)….

…….of the botched Armada invasion.

This was one of Stewart’s celebrated ‘Grosvenor Chapel Talks’….

……which originally formed the basis for The Shakespeare Code….

Anyone seeking a summary of The Code’s FUNDAMENTAL IDEAS about Shakespeare….

…..should read the three Talks entitled….

Shakespeare, Love and Religion

…..which puts Shakespeare’s work into the context of history, philosophy and theology….

Adventurous Bruvs and Sorellas will also be interested in…..

The Strange Case of Mr. Apis Lapis

…..which argues that Sir John Falstaff….

…..was based on William Beeston….

(Apis = Bee, Lapis = Stone, Apis Lapis = Beeston(e))

…of Great Posbrook Farm in Titchfield….

(See: Why Falstaff is Fat)

 William, The Code argues, had an illegitimate son…

….the actor Christopher Beeston who acted for a time in Shakespeare’s company….

…. who first told John Aubrey that….

Shakespeare was a schoolmaster in the Country – Titchfield

….an idea first advanced in 2002 by Stewart Trotter in his ground breaking….

……which the Director of the Royal Shakespeare Company, Greg Doran….

……was kind enough to describe as….

exquisite

And which has received praise from….

 Simon Callow

Sir Nicholas Hytner

Maggie Ollerenshaw

Prof. Jonathan Bate

Prof. David Womersley

Lord Bragg of Wigton

China Mieville

 Jane Howell

Alan Samson

Martin Green

The ideas formed the basis of a brilliant T.V. documentary by Carol White for ‘Meridian……

(Please click : http://www.mellingwhite.co.uk/ Then press the ‘ARTS’ button)

The lovely Trix  is currently working flat out on…..

The Story of Elizabeth, Essex and the Ring

…..which proves that an old romantic myth is true…..

Elizabeth really DID give the Earl of Essex a ring…..

….with the understanding that if he sent it back to her she would protect him…..

WHATEVER THE CIRCUMSTANCES!!!

As he was awaiting execution, he slipped the ring to a boy…..

WHO, BY MISTAKE, SLIPPED IT DIRECTLY INTO THE HANDS OF HIS ENEMIES!!!

Trix promises another dazzling Post on the subject……

…..VERY SOON.

Bruvs and Sorellas who LOVE theatre gossip…….

…..will LOVE….

Paul Greenhalgh’s Tale

It is a HILARIOUS account of what it was like act in Weekly Rep in England in the ‘Sixties….

…..and comes from a book Stewart compiled last year with Code Fellow, Charles Sharman-Cox, F.S.C….

……which has a forward by Southend Girl Dame Helen Mirren…..

…..and is called….

(See: Critics heap praise on ‘Tales from the Palace Theatre’)

Finally, for those fascinated by British politics….

…….and also fascinated by Margaret Thatcher….

The Men who made Margaret Thatcher

This draws on…..

….. TOP SECRET information……

….. which Thatcher’s late speech writer, playwright Ronnie Millar…..

….passed on to Stewart as they worked at the High Tory watering hole, White’s Club…..

….on the script for a Chichester Festival revival of Ronnie’s musical….

‘Robert and Elizabeth’

And speaking of Stewart Trotter it’s time for me to sign off now…..

Our Chief Agent is about to reminisce ….

See ya ’round…..

Bruvs and Sorellas…..

•

Thanks, Tom.

And again, welcome to The Code….

We would also like to welcome a NEW COUNTRY to our ranks…..

UZBEKISTAN

This brings the number of participating countries to…..

ONE HUNDRED AND NINETY ONE!!!

See: The Shakespeare Code Salutes the Nations

One of the capitals of Uzbekistan is, of course…..

……the fabled and fabulous…..

SAMARKAND….

 

…..Uzbekistan’s entry to The Code is particularly timely…..

….. for reasons I shall now reveal….

•

WILSON KNIGHT REMEMBERED

Between 1980-5, I was Artistic Director of the Northcott Theatre in Exeter.

I got to know the great Shakespearean scholar…..

G. Wilson Knight…..

He had retired to Exeter and lived in a house near the theatre.

Richard, as he was known, was a practising spiritualist….

….and would regularly communicate with the spirit of Shakespeare…..

…..as would his classicist brother, Jackson Knight, with Virgil…

It was in fact Jackson Knight who first came to my attention when I was a schoolboy……

….at the notorious Southend High School for Boys…..

We were construing some Latin lines from the First Book of the Aeneid…..

(working class grammar school boys DID those sort of things then!)

Fronte sub adversa scopulis pentibus antrum

Intus aquae dulces, vivoque sedilia saxo

Nympharum domus

….a literal translation of which might run….

Under the opposite front a cave is formed of pendant rocks, within which are fresh springs, and seats of living stone, the cool recess of nymphs.

‘What’ we asked our teacher ‘did Virgil mean by…..

Seats in the living rock…..

Without turning a hair, our young classics master replied:

Stalagmites. The spirit of Virgil appeared to Jackson Knight and told him so…..

The spirit of Shakespeare also used to appear to Wilson Knight…..

Sometimes he liked Richard’s books…..

And sometimes he didn’t!!!

Richard would attend all the Dress Rehearsals of my Shakespearean productions…..

He would enter from a side door in the auditorium which led directly to the outside….

….so he would always make his entry in a blaze of light….

…..then sit in the very first row and stare intently at the stage…..

….before the action had even begun!

Afterwards he would send me very useful, practical notes….

…indeed he used to give Shakespeare recitals himself, clad only in a jock-strap.

Here he is giving his Richard III….

One morning I came into my office to find a pile of books on my desk…….

…..books with the most wonderful titles…..

The Wheel of Fire

The Imperial Theme

The Crown of Life

The Mutual Flame

It was the complete collection of Richard’s Shakespearean criticism….

…. which he had inscribed and left as a gift to me…

I would walk him back to his home when he came to see a production at the theatre…….

……and we spent many late nights drinking his favourite tipple….

…..the ghastly….

….Bailey’s Whisky Cream…

No subject of conversation was taboo….

…and one night I asked him, if he were to die next week….

(He was a spiritualist, remember, so death held no terror for him)

…..which two plays would he most like to see?

Nothing by Shakespeare, he admitted.

He’d had enough of the Bard by then…..

He wanted to see R.C. Sheriff’s shattering First World War play….

Journey’s End…

…and James Elroy Flecker’s pervy Middle Eastern Romance….

Hassan.

(Here is the Procession of Protracted Death!)

Richard died while I was still in office…..

…and I had the privilege of hosting his Memorial Celebrations at the Northcott Theatre.

My company, which was performing ‘Twelfth Night’ at the time….

 

(To read B. A. Young’s review, click: HERE)

…..performed the closing pages of ‘Hassan’ in his honour…..

…and it is appropriate to quote the great words here….

WE TAKE THE GOLDEN ROAD TO SAMARKAND

We are the Pilgrims, master; we shall go
Always a little further: it may be
Beyond that last blue mountain barred with snow,
Across that angry or that glimmering sea,

White on a throne or guarded in a cave
There lives a prophet who can understand
Why men were born: but surely we are brave,
Who take the Golden Road to Samarkand.

Sweet to ride forth at evening from the wells
When shadows pass gigantic on the sand,
And softly through the silence beat the bells
Along the Golden Road to Samarkand.

We travel not for trafficking alone;
By hotter winds our fiery hearts are fanned:
For lust of knowing what should not be known
We make the Golden Journey to Samarkand.

The line….

For lust of knowing what should not be known…..

…..could well sum up Richard….

…..and it could certainly sum up The Shakespeare Code….

It is YOUR CURIOSITY……

……Brothers and Sister’s of The Code……

…….that keeps this blog so gloriously afloat…..

And I am deeply grateful.

YOU ARE THE WILSON KNIGHTS OF THE FUTURE!!!

S. T.

 

A STATEMENT FROM TRIXIE THE CAT

Yes, Brothers and Sisters of the Shakespeare Code…….

……..one of its most illustrious Fellows……

……Eddie Linden, F.S.C…..

…….. celebrates his 79th Birthday this week.

Here is the photograph of him that graces London’s National Portrait Gallery…..

Tom X and I saw the Great Poet yesterday……

…….as he sauntered through the heady streets of Maida Vale, West London…….

……where a spectacular Canal Boat Regatta was being held in Little Venice…..

Another Great Poet, Robert Browning……

…..once lived in a house now occupied by the nondescript white block of flats shown in the photo……

A Grand Dinner is to be held in honour of Eddie…..

……and to honour Eddie in its own way,  The Shakespeare Code now prints what it considers the finest of his poems:

THE NEST

The echo of the burn as it runs yellow 

And the dark blue slag on the pit surface

Reminded him of his past.

The wheel of life sounded its

Message of time.

The blast of death

Rang its bells in the hearts of the homes.

The grim face in the mirror

Faded with time into the slag heaps

From where he came.

The moon revealed its ugly village casa.

A dog howled its death-like sound,

A baby cried from the cold of the night,

A father knelt in

the bowels of the earth, waiting for light

In the darkest hell, where he never saw.

Only winter remained.

And nothing returned to the nest

In the tree, but the snow that covered

The world of his past.

•

A collection of Eddie’s poems, A Thorn in the Flesh……

 …….has been published in a beautiful edition by the enterprising ‘Hearing Eye’……

http://hearingeye.org/

If you would like to read Your Cat’s NOW CLASSIC interview with Eddie on his Acceptance of his Fellowship, please click: HERE

And if you would like to read Your Cat’s FÊTED review of the Collection, please click:

HERE

So, it’s Happy Birthday, Eddie Linden…..

…..F. S. C…

…..from all of us at The Code….

‘Bye, now….

 

A TRIXIE SPECIAL

PROVING THAT AN OLD ROMANTIC MYTH IS TRUE

(It’s best to read Parts One , Two, Three, Four, Five, Six, Seven and Eight first)

In her Last Post,  Your Cat reported what Sir Walter Raleigh……

…. had said to the Duke of Buckingham……

……a favourite of King James….

…..about his own life as a favourite of Queen Elizabeth……

…..viz, that…

Minions were not so happy as vulgar judgements thought them , being frequently commanded to uncomely and sometimes unnatural employments.

This quotation was taken from Francis Osborn’s Memoires of the Reigns of Queen Elizabeth and King James……

…..published in 1658…..

What makes this anecdote……

……and indeed this whole book…….

…….so fascinating is that……

OSBORN WASN’T REPEATING SOMETHING HE’D READ…

HE WAS REPORTING A CONVERSATION HE’D OVERHEARD HIMSELF!!!

Osborn states he hasn’t used any……

….. common Chronicles……

…..for his sources

…..which he…..

…..shuns….

…..because he believes these writers of official histories…..

…..had some fear or hope at their elbows ready to jog them towards the interest of the present or future Governors…..

He cites William Camden’s history of the life of Queen Elizabeth…..

…..and astutely observes that it was written to meet the eyes of King James……

…..and consequently favours James’s mother, Mary Queen of Scots…..

…..above Camden’s own patron, Queen Elizabeth, who created him a King of Arms at the age of 17.

Osborn claims that Camden…..

…..feeds his pen rather with such scraps as I have picked out of letters and discourse, the storehouse of ‘Tradition’, not so likely to flatter or to lie as the writings of those mean contemporaries that for the most part have embarked their pens in our English affairs….

In this, Osborn is our contemporary.  He constructs history in exactly the way the great Jeremy Isaacs…..

….constructed…..

…..using interviews and anecdotes.

Osborn was born on 26th September, 1593……

…..so was four years old when Elizabeth gave Essex the Ring…..

……eight years old when Essex was executed…….

…..and ten years old when Elizabeth died…..

He was educated privately; but came to London in his ‘riper years’…..

….. and attracted the notice of William Herbert, Third Earl of Pembroke……..

……..who made him his Master of Horse.

In this position…….

……..as an upmarket ‘chauffeur’ to the Earl of Pembroke…..

……..Osborn would have learnt all there was to know about court gossip…….

……in the reigns of BOTH Elizabeth and James….

On 29^th November, 1599, Elizabeth had granted William Herbert a private, HOUR-LONG audience, even though he was only nineteen…..

And when James came to the throne in 1603, William…….

…..and his younger brother Philip….

…..rushed to York to seduce the bisexual King as he journeyed from Scotland……

…..leaving the Earl of Southampton……..

…..(who also longed to be James’s favourite)….

…..locked in the Tower of London…..

…..with an ancestor of mine……

 

See: The Earl of Southampton and Trixie the Cat.

James instantly made the Herbert Brothers Grooms of the Privy Chamber…..

……and the following year, The Venetian Ambassador reported that William……..

……at James’s Coronation Service…..

…….kissed the King full on the lips.

The Ambassador, though, may have mistaken William for Philip………

…….who, in the words of Edward Hyde, Earl of Clarendon……

…….had the good fortune, by the comeliness of his person, his skill and indefatigable industry in hunting to be the first to draw the King’s eyes towards him with affection…He pretended no other qualifications than to understand horses and dogs very well, which his master loved him the better for……

But James was fond enough of William to put a live frog down his neck……

William retaliated by putting a live pig in James’s…..

…. close stool…

Even when William got married, the King, dressed only in his night-shirt, joined the couple for a romp in their bridal bed…..

So William was an excellent source for Osborn’s memoires…..

……with an intimate knowledge of how monarchs behave with favourites…..

……and how Elizabeth behaved with Essex.

Osborn described Elizabeth’s….

……infinite indulgence that appeared so long in favour of Essex, who becoming wanton from his late success [the Cadiz Expedition] though after moderated by some less happy, he grew into such heats and insolences towards any his jealousy had marked for enemies , that the Queen , to keep even the scales between him and those of the Cecililian [Robert Cecil’s] party, not only forbore to pamper him with new favours , but did not seldom frown upon him ; though he had yet so true a friend of her affection, that upon the least semblance of submission and promiseof return to a better temper , it did mediate for him : Love, like a bone, becoming more strong by breaches, he being certain upon every re conciliation to receive from her double the value of that her anger had cost him, till these frequent repetitions of his faults and her forgiveness had swelled him into such a confidence of his own mediation that he looked up on all as enemies, that in their words or actions acknowledged not his friendship….

Osborn names another source for information about the Queen ……

…….Sir Edmund Carey……

……the son of Lord Hunsdon….

……the cousin of Elizabeth herself……

[Osborn’s memory here play tricks…..

…….he claims that Edmund was Lord Hunsdon’s brother.

…….But he was writing his Memoires in his sixties…..

…….and at one point openly admits he has forgotten the source of one of his stories]

Osborn, by then, was already famous for his Advice to his Son…….

…….which was said to be among the three most popular books of the day…..

…….even though it was attacked, by some, for its misogyny.

For us the important thing is that Osborn…..

……steeped in court gossip……

…..NEVER DOUBTS THAT THE RING STORY IS TRUE!!!

He became a Parliamentarian…….

……and even uses the Ring Story to PROVE how stupid a monarch could be……

……especially a female monarch……

….Her [Elizabeth’s] death [was] reported to proceed from an occasion that would have been thought ridiculous in an ordinary lady, much more in a person of her magnitude: but such as take Princes for other than men, show they never saw them in true light: who, like the Gods of the Heathen, cannot in their actions or speeches during life be discerned from ordinary mortals but by the worship given them, being so remote from owning any real Divinity, as with the crown, they put on greater frailties than they do devest….

Osborn then goes on to begin to explain what that ‘occasion’ was…..

For during the critical minute of the Queens strongest affection (which was upon Essex his return from Cales) he had importuned her for some signal token which might assure him , that in his absence (to which his own Genius, no less than the respect he bare to the promotion of her honour , and obedience to her commands did daily prompt him) his enemies ( of whom he had many about the Chair of State ) should not through their malice or subtlety distress him, or render him less or worse deserving in her esteem: upon this , in a great deal of familiarity , she presented a ring to him ; which after she had by oaths indued with a power of freeing him from any danger or distress his future miscarriage, her anger , or enemies’ malice, could cast him into, she gave it him , with a promise , that at the first sight of it, all this and more if possible should be granted….

The vital detail here is the mention of…..

…..Essex his return from Cales….

…..which we now call…..

….Cadiz….

OSBORN’S DATE FOR THE GIFT OF THE RING TIES IN EXACTLY WITH THE DATE OF ESSEX’S ‘ANGEL’ LETTER

See Part Eight. The Essex Letters.

How did Osborn know this?

It is HIGHLY UNLIKELY that he would have seen Essex’s letter to the Queen when he wrote his Memoires…..

…..which leaves us only one conclusion…..

OSBORN KNEW THAT QUEEN ELIZABETH HAD SENT ESSEX THE RING……

…. AFTER THE CADIZ EXPEDITION…..

….. BECAUSE THE STORY IS TRUE!!!

 

Osborn goes on to cover Essex’s fatal Irish expedition……

…..and his even more fatal return to England…..

…..engineered, Osborn believes, by the cunning of Robert Cecil…….

….. who persuaded Essex that the Queen was dying.

Osborn writes:

In case he [Essex] took the wiser counsel of his friends to land in Wales with all the power he could raise , the English militia were put in a posture of defence : of which no use was made, for the Earl’s composition having always participated more of truth and loyalty to his Sovereign , with zeal to the Protestant Religion , than prudence or Reason of State, he, not only contrary to the will of his friends, but beyond the highest hopes of his enemies , came over attended with some few Gentlemen and in this naked condition he cast himself habited as a traveller at the feet of his mistress whom after he never met (unless since in heaven)……

On this last point, Osborn was wrong….

We now know from a letter from William Trew to his wife, that the Queen, Lady Warwick and the Earl of Worcester went privately to York House to visit Essexwho was….

….in extremity…..

….and suffering from…..

…..the Irish looseness….

But this was a top secret meeting, known only to a few…..

The rest of Osborn’s account is true or……

…..in the case of Cecil’s deception about the Queen’s illness……

….certainly possible.

Osborn goes on to describe how Essex was….

……presently confined; yet to no stricter prison than his chamber, and under no other guard but the obedience he owed to his Sovereign’s commands, who though daily importuned, could not be brought to sign a warrant for any severer commitment , till after hit passage through the City……

 ….that is, the Essex rebellion….

…in which he did not only exceed the extent of his own ordinary rashness, but the highest and most extraordinary plots of his enemies. And thus was the Earl snatched out of the arms of his Mistress, and torn from the hearts of the people that were his Servants, by the subtlety of his enemies , and in the sight of both brought to an untimely death.

Osborn then describes how Elizabeth, after she had beheaded Essex…..

….fell into a deep melancholy whereof she died not long after….

Osborn then tells why……

……AND TELLS THE STORY OF THE RING!!!

After his commitment to the Tower he [Essex] sent this jewel to Her Majesty , by the then Countess of Nottingham whom Sir Robert Cecil kept from delivering it: this made the Queen think her self scorned, a treason against her honour, and therefore not unlikely to be voted by the pride of so great a Lady more capital than that pretended against her person, which power doth rarely suffer to scape unpunished : besides, he had been tempted through passion to say, or his enemies to devise, that she now doted, and owned a mind no less crooked than her body; a high blasphemy against such a divine beauty , as flatterers, the idolizers of Princes , had enshrined her in.

And from these his misfortunes , led on by the weakness jealousy and age had bred in her , his maligners took advantage , so as his head was off before discretion , love or pity had leisure to dictate , the ring might be miscarried and the former relation false. But the Lady of Nottingham, coming to her death bed , and finding , by the daily sorrow the Queen expressed for the loss of Essex her self a principal agent in his destruction, could not be at rest till she had discovered all , and humbly implored mercy from God and forgiveness from her earthly Sovereign: who did not only refuse to give it, but having shook her as she lay in her bed , sent her accompanied with most fearful curses to a higher tribunal.

Not long after the Queens weakness did appear mortal , hastened by the wishes of many, that could not in reason expect pardon for a fault they found she had so severely punished in her self, as to take comfort in nothing after. But upon all occasions of signing pardons would upbraid the movers for them with the hasty anticipation of that brave mans end , not to be expiated in relation to the Nation’s loss by any future endeavour, much less so unseasonable an uncharitableness to a dying Lady.

In Osborn’s account, it’s Robert Cecil who convinces Lady Nottingham not to deliver the ring…….

……..but Cecil could well have worked in concert with the Earl of Nottingham.

And Osborn’s grasp of Elizabeth’s psychology is profound…..

…..if misogynistic….

OF CORSE she would find a sleight to her honour and beauty more insulting than a political coup…..

…..and her physical violence, even to a dying lady, rings completely true…..

She was, after all, in the habit of breaking the fingers of her ladies-in-waiting.

So, we have the first account of the Ring Story…….

…. from a philosopher, writer and historian…….

…. in 1658…….

…..not, as Lytton Strachey…..

……and Alison Weir…….

…..assert….

……a romantic novelist….

……in 1695….

1658 was only FIFTY FIVE YEARS after the death of Elizabeth….

This is ALMOST……

….(give a year or two)….

…….like an historian NOW…….

……writing about the assassination of President Kennedy!!!

But there is even more CONTEMPORARY evidence to back the RING STORY!!!

STAY TUNED TO YOUR CAT’S NEXT BREATH-TAKING POST….

….when she promises…..

TO REVEAL ALL!!!

‘Bye now……